White box testing, also known as clear box testing, structural testing, or code-based testing, is a software testing approach that involves examining the internal workings of a software application's code to verify if it functions correctly and meets the requirements.

The goal of white box testing is to identify defects in the code's internal structures, including branches, loops, and conditional statements. Testers use their knowledge of programming languages, code structures, and software architecture to create test cases that exercise different code paths and validate the expected behavior.

Some of the most commonly used white box testing techniques are:

1.    Statement Coverage: This technique involves testing each statement in the code to ensure that it is executed at least once during testing.

2.    Branch Coverage: This technique involves testing all possible branches of code, including loops, if-else statements, and switch cases.

3.    Path Coverage: This technique involves testing all possible paths through the code, including loops and recursive functions.

4.    Condition Coverage: This technique involves testing all possible combinations of boolean conditions in the code.

5.    Decision Coverage: This technique involves testing all possible decisions made in the code, including if-else statements and switch cases.

6.    Loop Coverage: This technique involves testing all possible paths through loops, including zero iterations, one iteration, and multiple iterations.

In summary, white box testing is a critical component of software testing that helps ensure that software is functional, reliable, and meets user requirements. The various white box testing techniques help testers uncover defects and ensure that the code is robust and efficient.

Manual Testing Software Quality Assurance

Software testing is a process of verifying and validating software applications to ensure that they are functioning as per the requirements and are free from defects. Manual testing is a technique of testing software applications manually, without the use of any automated tools. Here are the details of software testing manually: Test Planning: The first step in manual testing is to plan the testing process. This involves defining the scope of the testing, selecting the appropriate testing techniques, and creating a test plan. Test Case Design: In this step, test cases are designed based on the requirements and specifications of the software application. Test cases are created to cover all possible scenarios and to ensure that the software application is thoroughly tested. Test Execution: Test cases are executed manually by a tester to check if the software application is functioning as per the requirements. The tester reports any defects found during the testing process. Defect Tracking and Reporting: Any defects found during the testing process are reported to the development team for resolution. The tester tracks the progress of the defect resolution and retests the software application once the defect is fixed. Regression Testing: Once a defect is fixed, the software application is retested to ensure that the defect has been resolved and that there are no new defects introduced. User Acceptance Testing: Once the testing process is complete, the software application is handed over to the end-users for acceptance testing. The end-users test the software application to ensure that it meets their requirements. Test Closure: The final step in manual testing is test closure. This involves documenting the test results, analyzing the testing process, and identifying areas for improvement. Overall, manual testing is a crucial aspect of software development, and it requires skilled testers who can perform testing tasks efficiently and effectively.

Project Management Tool Jira

The widely used project management program Jira was created by Atlassian. By offering tools for problem tracking, project management, and agile development, it is intended to assist teams in organizing, tracking, and managing their work. Users can create tasks or issues in Jira, assign them to team members, set deadlines, and monitor progress. Moreover, it has tools for resource management, collaboration, and project planning. Jira may be tailored through plugins and interfaces with other software applications to meet the unique requirements of a team or organisation. Software development teams frequently use Jira, although it can be used for any kind of project management

or workflow management. It is a well-liked option for teams of all sizes and sectors due to its flexibility and scalability.